york空調(diào)故障代碼f4(約克空調(diào)故障代碼f6)

前沿拓展：

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本文選自吳應(yīng)時主編的《大學(xué)英語六級閱讀真題精讀——晨讀伴侶》。本書對歷年國家大學(xué)英語六級考試（CET-6）的仔細(xì)閱讀部分進(jìn)行了詳盡而精準(zhǔn)的分析、翻譯和注釋，對四六級考生有著事半功倍的效果，對提升整體英語能力也很有幫助。

學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)讀：

愛德華?泰勒斯是美國知名的社會學(xué)家，其研究方向是社會問題。社會學(xué)專業(yè)的我，對這篇文章倍感親切，但我如果就此文做題，并不會有任何優(yōu)勢，因為四六級的閱讀考的并不是專業(yè)知識，而是你對文章觀點的吸收和理解。說起英語，肯定離不開美國，畢竟它仍然是全球最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)有一個亙古不變的原理，人們傾向于往經(jīng)濟(jì)更為發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)移民。于是，美國的移民問題總是那么熱。下面就來看看社會學(xué)家在這個問題上是如何分析的。

The percentage (of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) 原) [in the United States] has been creeping1[upward] [for years] [at 12.6 percent], itis[now]higher[than at any point] [since the mid 1920s].多年來，美國移民（包括非法移民）的百分比一直在攀升，目前移民人口的比例是12.6%，創(chuàng)20世紀(jì)20年代中期以來的最高紀(jì)錄。

注：1. creep vi. 爬行，蔓延；慢慢地移動（文中此意）；起雞皮疙瘩；n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感覺；諂媚者。例：

But in early trade on Tuesday, the price of oil started to creep higher again.但在周二早盤交易，油價又開始爬升。

[選自：BBC: News | BUSINESS | Oil price creeps higher]

creep up 攀升。例：

The inflation rate has been creeping up to 10 per cent.通貨膨脹率已攀升至10%。

We are not about to go back to the days[when Congress [openly 1]worried aboutinferior2 races polluting America’s bloodstream3.] But [once again] wearewonderingwhether wehavetoo many of the wrong sort4 newcomers. Their loudest criticsarguethatthe new wave (of immigrants)cannot, ^and indeed do not want to^, fit in[as (previous) generationsdid.]我們并無意重返舊日，那時的國會公然擔(dān)心劣等民族會污染美國的血統(tǒng)。但是現(xiàn)在我們再度質(zhì)疑：是否來了太多不該來的人。嚷嚷得最大聲的批判者說，新一輪的移民潮不會像以前幾輪移民一樣對美國有同類歸屬感——實際上這些移民根本就不想融入美國。

注：1. openly adv. 公開地，坦誠地，坦率地。例：

They have begun openly criticizing Lee, with some demanding his expulsion from the party.他們已經(jīng)開始公開批評李，一些人要求他開除黨籍。

[選自：CNN: Magazine | The DPP's Godfather]

He openly declared himself as an atheist.他公開宣布自己是無神論者。

短語：communicate openly 坦誠交流

state openly 公開聲明

2. inferior adj. 差的，自卑的，下級的（文中此意）；n. 次品。例：

Most South Koreans regard people from this region as socially inferior – poor, uncouth and unruly.大多數(shù)韓國人認(rèn)為這一地區(qū)人都是社會地位低下、貧窮、笨拙、不守規(guī)矩的。

[選自：BBC: NEWS | Special Report | 1997 | Korean elections 97 | Kim Dae Jung: A political profile]

3. bloodstream n. [生理]血流，血液的流動。例：

Late in the disease, as the tumor burden increases, HL can spread through the bloodstream.在疾病后期，隨著腫瘤負(fù)擔(dān)增加，霍奇金淋巴瘤可以通過血液傳播。

[選自: CNN: News | Health | What is Hodgkin lymphoma's effect on the lymphatic system?]

After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy.在消化后，葡萄糖進(jìn)入血液，在那里被細(xì)胞消化，以供細(xì)胞能量和成長。

4. sort n. 種類，方式；品質(zhì)（文中此意）；vi. 分類，協(xié)調(diào)，交往；vt. 將...分類，將...排序。例：

Over at All Nippon Airways (ANA), a purge of a different sort is in progress.在日本全日空航空公司，一種不同的清洗方式正在進(jìn)展中。

[選自：CNN: REVOLT OF THE MANAGERS]

短語：all sort of 各種各樣

sort of 有幾分的，到某種程度的，稍稍

some sort of 某種的，多少有些，仿佛

sort out 挑選出

of sorts 各種各樣的

that sort of thing 那類事情

We [now] knowthatthese racist 1 viewswere wrong. [In time], Italians, Romanian sand members (of other so-called inferior races)became[exemplary 2]Americansandcontributed[greatly], ^in ways too numerous to detail^,to3the building(of this magnificent 4 nation). Thereisno reason (why these new immigrantsshould not have the same success.)現(xiàn)在我們知道這些種族主義的觀點大錯特錯了。只要假日時日，意大利人、羅馬尼亞人以及其他被稱為“劣等民族“的人最后都會成為美國人中的典范，他們以各種各樣的方式為建設(shè)偉大的美國而貢獻(xiàn)良多。所以，沒有理由不相信這些移民也能取得這樣的成功。

注：1. racist adj. 種族主義的。

短語：racist groups/thugs 種族主義態(tài)度/暴徒例：

As well as trying to look less racist, the police are now targeting black problems.警方目前在針對黑人的問題上試圖看起來不那么種族主義。

[選自：ECONOMIST: Black boys Taking the rap]

Racist attitude had to be rubbished once and for all.種族歧視的態(tài)度必須根除。

2.exemplary adj.典范的，懲戒性的，可效仿的。例：

We have lost a close friend, an outstanding leader, an exemplary Rifleman and a remarkable and decent man.我們失去了一個好朋友，一位杰出的領(lǐng)袖，一個模范步兵和一個非凡的正直的勇士。

[選自：BBC: NEWS | UK | England | Cornwall | Heartfelt tribute to fallen comrade]

An exemplary person may well have the great charisma to affect others but does not necessarily know how to affect others.一個模范的人很可能擁有對他人強大的號召力，但并不非要知道如何去影響他人。

3. 這里的to是跟前面contribute構(gòu)成動詞詞組的，一起作謂語。

4. magnificent adj.高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的。例：

To inspire his parishioners, Suger built a magnificent church in the emerging Gothic style.蘇格興建了一座壯麗的教堂，新式的哥特風(fēng)格，以鼓舞他的教徒們。

[選自：WSJ: Book Review: In Search of Civilization]

These magnificent ancient buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of human.這些壯麗的古代建筑顯示了人類的高度智慧。

[Although children of Mexican immigrants do[better],] ^in terms of educational and professional attainment1^, [than their parents], UCLA 2 sociologist {Edward Telles}has foundthatthe gainsdon’t continue. [Indeed], the fouth generationis[marginally3]worse off4 [than the third]. James Jackson, ^of the University of Michigan^,has found a similar trend [among black Caribbean immigrants], Tellsfearsthat Mexican-Americansmay be fated to5 follow in the foot steps(of American blacks) – that large parts of the communitymay become mired[in a seemingly permanent state] (of poverty and underachievement). [Like African-Americans], Mexican-Americansare[increasingly]relegated tosegregated6, substandard7 schools, and their dropout rateis the highest[for any ethnic group] [in the country].雖然墨西哥移民在教育和專業(yè)造詣上優(yōu)于他們的父母，但是加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的社會學(xué)家愛德華·泰勒斯發(fā)現(xiàn)這種優(yōu)勢并沒有持續(xù)下去，事實上墨西哥移民的第四代比第三代糟糕很多。密歇根大學(xué)的詹姆士·杰克森也發(fā)現(xiàn)，在加勒比黑人移民當(dāng)中也有著類似的趨勢。大部分美國人也可能都深陷無望的貧困、一生一事無成。泰勒斯擔(dān)心墨西哥裔美國人也可能步其后塵。正如非裔美國人那樣，越來越多的墨西哥裔美國人進(jìn)入被隔離開來的不合格學(xué)校就讀，而且其輟學(xué)率在全美各族裔中最高。

注：1. attainment n. 達(dá)成，成就，學(xué)識。例：

Since then new staff and governors have been brought in and pupil attainment has improved.從那時起，隨著新員工和理事的引進(jìn)，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績提高了。

[選自：BBC: News | England | Tees | Darlington's Mount Pleasant Primary School praised]

They think it may contribute to intellectual growth and lead to the attainment of actual goals.他們認(rèn)為白日夢有助于智力的發(fā)展，能導(dǎo)致人們實現(xiàn)要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。

academic attainment學(xué)力

2. UCLA即University of California at Los Angeles加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校，不過排名最好的是伯克利分校，UC Berkeley，這是多少文科學(xué)生心中的最高學(xué)術(shù)殿堂啊。

3. marginally adv.略微地，少量地；最低限度地。例：

Economists said the MAS move only marginally alters their forecasts for the U.S. dollar.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家表示，金管局將略微改變對美元的預(yù)期。

[選自：WSJ: Singapore Grows Slowly, Central Bank Eases Policy]

Investments that even marginally improve the quality and reduce the risks of succession are well worth it.這些投資，即使是輕微提高質(zhì)量和降低繼承的風(fēng)險，都是很值得的。

4. be worse off 處境較壞，情況惡化。例：

While 21% of people thought England would be worse off, 19% said it would be better off.19%的人認(rèn)為英國會更好，而21%的人認(rèn)為會更糟糕。

[選自：BBC: NEWS | Scotland | Nearly half of English oppose Scottish independence - poll]

But if measures that would increase stability fall victim to politics, everyone will be worse off.但是，如果一項本可以提高穩(wěn)定性的措施淪為政治受害者的話，所有人的處境都會變得更糟糕。

5. be fated to 注定。例：

The rule-makers are fated to be one step behind.準(zhǔn)則制定者注定要落后一步。

[選自：ECONOMIST: How far should finance be re-regulated?

Even then, America and Iran may be fated to lock horns in the Middle East. But the region, and the world, will be a good deal safer without the shadow of an Iranian bomb.盡管如此，美伊兩國還是難免會在中東地區(qū)發(fā)生摩擦，但是不管怎樣，在沒有伊朗核陰影存在的情況下，不管是中東地區(qū)還是世界都會感到更為安全些。

6. segregated adj. 被隔離的（文中此意）；v. 隔離（segregate的過去式）；分離。例：

Women are veiled and segregated, and are denied even the most basic human rights.女人是蒙著面紗并被隔離的，她們甚至還被剝奪最基本的人權(quán)。

[選自：FORBES: Is It Time For An Arab Spring For Saudi Women? ]

Saudi women remain veiled and segregated and are forbidden to drive or to obtain their own identity cards.沙特的女性依然佩戴面紗并被隔離開來，并且被禁止開車或獲取自己的身份證。

7. substandard adj. 不合格的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的。例：

He paid me only sixty dollars, saying I used a substandard rubber made in China.他只付給我60美元，說是我使用了不合格的中國制造的橡膠。

[選自：NEWYORKER: The House Behind a Weeping Cherry][中國制造的橡膠質(zhì)量很好的，看來是根深蒂固的偏見使然。]

The report said that in addition to the fireworks, substandard insulation materials contributed to the fire.報道稱，除了燃放煙花，使用不合格保溫板也是火災(zāi)成因之一。

substandard goods 劣等品

We have learned much aboutthe foolish idea(of excluding people on the presumption) (of the ethnic / racial 1 inferiority 2). But what we have not yet learnedis how to make the process(of Americanization 3 work) [for all]. Iam not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those thingshappen[pretty much]ontheir own, but [as arguments about immigrationhear up4the campaign trail,] we [also]ought to asksome broader question (about assimilation5, about how to ensure that people), [once outsiders,don’t[forever]remain marginalized[within these shores].]我們已經(jīng)知道，依據(jù)民族的劣等性的假設(shè)而將人隔離開來是多么愚蠢的做法。但是我們不知道的是，如何使美國化的進(jìn)程對所有人行之有效。我不是要求人們學(xué)習(xí)英語或者按照美國人的方式行事——因為這些事情可以自然而然的發(fā)生。在總統(tǒng)競選活動中，移民問題又再次升溫，我們也應(yīng)該問些更廣泛有關(guān)“同化”的問題，即如何保證這些過去的局外人不會在這個國家永遠(yuǎn)處于邊緣地位。

注：1. racial adj. 種族的，種族間的；人種的。例：

Nothing has created more bitterness, for example, than forced busing to achieve racial balance.例如，為了達(dá)到種族平衡，沒有比強制校車接送產(chǎn)生更多痛苦的了。

[選自：CNN: To Restore America]

racial character人種性狀

Is there racial discrimination in this country?這個國家是否存在種族歧視?

ethnic adj. 種族的；人種的

ethnic unity 民族團(tuán)結(jié)

ethnic cultural persity民族文化多樣性

ethnic group 民族；種族群；種族群體；民族構(gòu)成

前者更多的強調(diào)人種、膚色、文化差異，后者則可以被用在民族，更強調(diào)種族性。

2. inferiority n.下級，劣等，下等；下部；自卑情緒。例：

Africans must educate themselves to acquire knowledge to be free of want, hunger, disease and inferiority complexes.非洲人必須主動學(xué)習(xí)去獲取知識，遠(yuǎn)離欲望、饑餓、疾病和自卑情結(jié)。

[選自：BBC: NEWS | Have Your Say | Africa: Can the world do more?]

The enemy forces were reduced to absolute inferiority.敵軍已經(jīng)處于絕對劣勢。

inferiority complex 自卑情結(jié)

feeling of inferiority 自卑感

【詞根】interior 差的，自卑的；下級，次品

3. Americanization 美國化 例：

Mr. Rangel notes repeatedly that parents never push back against his schools' assimilation and Americanization efforts (or against their English-immersion curriculum).蘭格爾反復(fù)指出，父母從不反抗他學(xué)校的同化和美國化的努力(或反對他們的英語課程)。

[選自：WSJ: The Weekend Interview with Juan Rangel: The Masters of Hispanic Destiny]

Americanization education 美國化教育

4. hear up加熱一下。例：

I hear music up above. 音樂卻在腦?；厥帯?/p>

It will take at least one month for the broken hone to hear up.骨折至少要一個月的時間才能愈合。

5. assimilation n.吸收，同化。例：

For adults, assimilation is a perfectly natural response to new technology.對于成年人來說，吸收新技術(shù)是再自然不過的反應(yīng)了。

[選自：WSJ: Facebook, Twitter, Foursquare and the Terrifying Truth About New Technology]

[社會學(xué)](民族的)同化，文化的吸收

[語言學(xué)]（語音的）同化

（食物等）吸收

【詞根】assimilate 吸收，同化

assimilative 同化的，同化力的

assimilable 可同化的，可吸收的

assimilatory 同化的，同化作用的

assimilator 吸收者，同化者

That isa much larger question [than whatshould happen[with undocumented 1workers], or how [best] [to secure the border 2],] and itisone (thataffects not onlynewcomersbutgroups(thathave been[here] [for generations].)) Itwill have [more]impact[on our future] [than where wedecide to set the admissions bar3[for the latest ware] (of would-be Americans).] And itwould benice[if we [finally]gotthe answer

注：1. undocumented adj.無事實證明的，無正式文件的。例：

With an estimated million undocumented aliens in New York, he reasoned, it would be best to get them licensed.他推斷，在紐約估計有數(shù)百萬的非法移民，讓他們得到許可當(dāng)然是最好不過的。

[選自：NEWYORKER: The Humbling of Eliot Spitzer]

The place is rife with smugglers, dealers, undocumented immigrants, and slaves.這里到處都是走私者、交易商、無證移民甚至奴隸。

undocumented worker 無證工人

undocumented immigration 非法移民

2. border n. 邊境，邊界，國界（文中此意）；vt. 接近；與...接壤；vi. 接界，近似。例：

Dozens of herds in Powys and across the border in Shropshire are currently under investigation.許多在波厄斯郡以及越過邊境到達(dá)什羅普郡的牛群目前正在接受檢驗。

[選自：BBC: NEWS |WALES | Cattle TB tests 'months behind']

3. bar n. 條，棒；阻礙（文中此意）；vt. 禁止，阻攔；prep. 除...之外。

bar code條形碼

steel bar 鋼筋

space bar 空格鍵

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